Aerospace

CF-25

Automatic uniform case erector that forms and bottom-seals corrugated cases at speeds up to 15 cases per minute.

CF-25SB

Narrow box Industrial grade case erector that forms and bottom-seals corrugated cases at speeds up to 15 cases per minute.

CF-5

Semi-automatic case erector capable of handling a variety of case sizes.

CF-50T

Automatic uniform case erector designed to fold a variety of corrugated cases at speeds of up to 20 cases per minute.

CF-5AF

An economical semi-automatic case former with an ergonomic design & accommodates a wide range of boxes.

LD-16A

Fully automatic uniform top and bottom case sealer ideal for applications involving large runs of boxes.

LD-16AE

Fully automatic random case sealer ideal for customers who often change box sizes.

LD-16AR

Fully-automatic random case sealer processes a range of case sizes at speeds up to 20 cases per minute

LD-19SB

A side belt-driven semi-automatic case sealer designed to process low profile and/or narrow case sizes.

LD-24

Fully Automatic Uniform case sealer ideal for customers with high volume uniform box sealing demands.

LD-3SB

Ideal for dimensionally unstable, lightweight or narrow cases. This side belt driven tape sealer can seal cases as narrow as 3-1/4 inches.

LD-7

This top & bottom taper is an economical solution for large runs of uniform cases or uses with a small footprint & infrequent case size changes. 

LDLA-500 V2

Wipe-on apply only labeler for top or side of pallet case or primary product labeling applications

LDX-RTB

Random, semi-automatic case sealer processes void-filled and over-stuffed cases w/zero adjustments.

LD-Xss RTE

Designed for food processing operations with a non-tubular, stainless steel design that can be easily sanitized to eliminate food borne pathogens. 

LDX-UTB

This fully welded, tubular steel, top and bottom drive case sealer is ideal for large runs of the same size cases, at high speeds. 

Legend R

Sing mast semi-automatic case sealer for sealing random box sizes at speeds of up to 80 feet per minute.

Legend U

Semi-automatic top and bottom case sealer for sealing uniform cases from 2.62" to 34" in height.

LX-600T/DT

Apply only labelers using preprinted labels onto either uniform or random cases.  For single tamp, dual tamp and corner wrap applications.

LX-800T

For print and apply applications this easy to use labeler is ideal for 24/7 operations.

MicroJet HRP

Available in one inch or 2 inch the MicroJet HRP is a durable and compact cartridge based jet printer.

MicroJet InkJet

Depending on your needs Loveshaw offers a wide variety of low cost large character inkjet coding printers.

SP-304

Semi-automatic case sealer with and an extended drive. Reduces repetitive motion and increases productivity.

SP-304 BO (bottom only)

Semi-automatic uniform case erector which bottom seals cases at speeds of up to 24 cases per minute.

SP-304R BO (random - bottom only)

Semi-automatic random case erector that utilizes a side belt to move cases through a folding area & over the tape cartridge.

CF-25

Automatic uniform case erector that forms and bottom-seals corrugated cases at speeds up to 15 cases per minute.

CF-25SB

Narrow box Industrial grade case erector that forms and bottom-seals corrugated cases at speeds up to 15 cases per minute.

CF-5

Semi-automatic case erector capable of handling a variety of case sizes.

CF-50T

Automatic uniform case erector designed to fold a variety of corrugated cases at speeds of up to 20 cases per minute.

CF-5AF

An economical semi-automatic case former with an ergonomic design & accommodates a wide range of boxes.

LD-16A

Fully automatic uniform top and bottom case sealer ideal for applications involving large runs of boxes.

LD-16AE

Fully automatic random case sealer ideal for customers who often change box sizes.

LD-16AR

Fully-automatic random case sealer processes a range of case sizes at speeds up to 20 cases per minute

LD-19SB

A side belt-driven semi-automatic case sealer designed to process low profile and/or narrow case sizes.

LD-24

Fully Automatic Uniform case sealer ideal for customers with high volume uniform box sealing demands.

LD-3SB

Ideal for dimensionally unstable, lightweight or narrow cases. This side belt driven tape sealer can seal cases as narrow as 3-1/4 inches.

LD-7

This top & bottom taper is an economical solution for large runs of uniform cases or uses with a small footprint & infrequent case size changes. 

LDX-RTB

Random, semi-automatic case sealer processes void-filled and over-stuffed cases w/zero adjustments.

LD-Xss RTE

Designed for food processing operations with a non-tubular, stainless steel design that can be easily sanitized to eliminate food borne pathogens. 

LDX-UTB

This fully welded, tubular steel, top and bottom drive case sealer is ideal for large runs of the same size cases, at high speeds. 

Legend R

Sing mast semi-automatic case sealer for sealing random box sizes at speeds of up to 80 feet per minute.

Legend U

Semi-automatic top and bottom case sealer for sealing uniform cases from 2.62" to 34" in height.

SP-304

Semi-automatic case sealer with and an extended drive. Reduces repetitive motion and increases productivity.

SP-304 BO (bottom only)

Semi-automatic uniform case erector which bottom seals cases at speeds of up to 24 cases per minute.

SP-304R BO (random - bottom only)

Semi-automatic random case erector that utilizes a side belt to move cases through a folding area & over the tape cartridge.

CF-25

Automatic uniform case erector that forms and bottom-seals corrugated cases at speeds up to 15 cases per minute.

CF-25SB

Narrow box Industrial grade case erector that forms and bottom-seals corrugated cases at speeds up to 15 cases per minute.

CF-5

Semi-automatic case erector capable of handling a variety of case sizes.

CF-50T

Automatic uniform case erector designed to fold a variety of corrugated cases at speeds of up to 20 cases per minute.

CF-5AF

An economical semi-automatic case former with an ergonomic design & accommodates a wide range of boxes.

LD-16A

Fully automatic uniform top and bottom case sealer ideal for applications involving large runs of boxes.

LD-16AE

Fully automatic random case sealer ideal for customers who often change box sizes.

LD-16AR

Fully-automatic random case sealer processes a range of case sizes at speeds up to 20 cases per minute

LD-19SB

A side belt-driven semi-automatic case sealer designed to process low profile and/or narrow case sizes.

LD-24

Fully Automatic Uniform case sealer ideal for customers with high volume uniform box sealing demands.

LD-3SB

Ideal for dimensionally unstable, lightweight or narrow cases. This side belt driven tape sealer can seal cases as narrow as 3-1/4 inches.

LD-7

This top & bottom taper is an economical solution for large runs of uniform cases or uses with a small footprint & infrequent case size changes. 

LDLA-500 V2

Wipe-on apply only labeler for top or side of pallet case or primary product labeling applications

LDX-RTB

Random, semi-automatic case sealer processes void-filled and over-stuffed cases w/zero adjustments.

LD-Xss RTE

Designed for food processing operations with a non-tubular, stainless steel design that can be easily sanitized to eliminate food borne pathogens. 

LDX-UTB

This fully welded, tubular steel, top and bottom drive case sealer is ideal for large runs of the same size cases, at high speeds. 

Legend R

Sing mast semi-automatic case sealer for sealing random box sizes at speeds of up to 80 feet per minute.

Legend U

Semi-automatic top and bottom case sealer for sealing uniform cases from 2.62" to 34" in height.

LX-600T/DT

Apply only labelers using preprinted labels onto either uniform or random cases.  For single tamp, dual tamp and corner wrap applications.

LX-800T

For print and apply applications this easy to use labeler is ideal for 24/7 operations.

MicroJet HRP

Available in one inch or 2 inch the MicroJet HRP is a durable and compact cartridge based jet printer.

MicroJet InkJet

Depending on your needs Loveshaw offers a wide variety of low cost large character inkjet coding printers.

SP-304

Semi-automatic case sealer with and an extended drive. Reduces repetitive motion and increases productivity.

SP-304 BO (bottom only)

Semi-automatic uniform case erector which bottom seals cases at speeds of up to 24 cases per minute.

SP-304R BO (random - bottom only)

Semi-automatic random case erector that utilizes a side belt to move cases through a folding area & over the tape cartridge.

Angle Pads

Angle Pads are pre-formed build up pads that provide edge protection and crush resistence.

APX Board

APXboard™ laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle. Ideal for unitization and edge protection.

Edge Guard

EdgeGuard is the prefect solution for products requiring light edge protection.

EdgeMaster™

Edgemaster™, made of multiple plies of recycled paper is a lower cost alternative to traditional corner protection, helps unitize and reinforce your pallet load.

Flat Edge Protector

Shipped flat, laminated paper Edge Protectors form a 90 degree angle.  Used to  improve tension transmission of strapping and afford product edge protection from strapping damage.

Flat Pads

Flat Pads can be used for an assortment of applications when blocking, bracing, void filling or spacing is required 

Honeycomb

Honeycomb offers a variety of packaging solutions including; transportation dunnage, inner product protection during shipments, packaging fillers and pallets.

Honeycomb Panels

G-Force corrugated honeycomb panel for filling lengthwise or lateral voids and pallet under-hang during transit. Often used in conjunction with airbags.

M Frame and Bulkhead Space Fillers

G-Force lightweight corrugated space fillers to fill large voids and improve weight distribution in trucks and trailers.

Pallet Frame

Pallet Frame is a preformed, one-piece, laminated paperboard frame used for edge protection and utitization. Pallet Frame remains in place making it easy to apply stretch wrap or strapping.

Qwik-Crate

Qwik-Crate laminated paperboard shipping container provides superior beam strentgh and crush resisitance for maximum product protection.

Sus-Pak®

Sus-Pak® combines Sus-Rap and a specialty designed corrugated box for a unique packaging system.

Sus-Rap®

Sus-Rap® suspends in place cushions and blocks and protects from abrasion

Angle Pads

Angle Pads are pre-formed build up pads that provide edge protection and crush resistence.

APX Board

APXboard™ laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle. Ideal for unitization and edge protection.

Corrupad®

Corrupad uses a patented manufacturing process that gives angles, channels stacking strength, and shock absorbency for maximum product protection.

Die Cut Chip

In the metals industry it can be used to make specialty packaging products

Edge Guard

EdgeGuard is the prefect solution for products requiring light edge protection.

Flat Edge Protector

Shipped flat, laminated paper Edge Protectors form a 90 degree angle.  Used to  improve tension transmission of strapping and afford product edge protection from strapping damage.

Formaboard™

Super strong Formaboard™  pallet corner guards are lightweight, and water/moisture resistant. Ideal for transporting refrigerated/frozen foods.

Handle-U-Board

Handle U-Board provides superior 3-sided edge protection to prevent damage to edges.  Built-in handles create an effective way to move products from one location to another.

Honeycomb

Honeycomb offers a variety of packaging solutions including; transportation dunnage, inner product protection during shipments, packaging fillers and pallets.

Mitered Angleboard

Mitered Angleboard® is made of multiple plies of recycled paper, laminated together then formed into a rigid right angle. Notches allow the board to be easily folded in a 90 degree angle to protect the perimeter of a load.

Pallet Frame

Pallet Frame is a preformed, one-piece, laminated paperboard frame used for edge protection and utitization. Pallet Frame remains in place making it easy to apply stretch wrap or strapping.

Paper Pallets

Paper Pallets are 100% recyclable, lightweight, durable and made from honeycomb and corrugated material to handle heavy load volume. 

SB Series

SB Series laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle, with an innovative double-wrap that optimizes performance at a lower cost than traditional laminated products.

Slip Sheets

Reusable and recyclable, plastic slip sheets offer a durable, space saving, transport packaging solution. An excellent alternative to wood pallets.

Tier Sheets / Plastic Separator Sheets / Layer Sheets

Tier Sheets are clean, washable, and 100% solid polypropylene. They offer maximum load stability, reduced contamination, and greater product protection between layers of a variety of products.

Angle Pads

Angle Pads are pre-formed build up pads that provide edge protection and crush resistence.

APX Board

APXboard™ laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle. Ideal for unitization and edge protection.

Bulk Bags for Cut Parts

Used as an alternative to wooden crates, metal bins, etc. They hold smaller pieces of scrap parts.

Corrupad®

Corrupad uses a patented manufacturing process that gives angles, channels stacking strength, and shock absorbency for maximum product protection.

Die Cut Chip

In the metals industry it can be used to make specialty packaging products

Die Cut Corrugated

Can be used to create specialty products in many industries and applications

Edge Guard

EdgeGuard is the prefect solution for products requiring light edge protection.

EdgeMaster™

Edgemaster™, made of multiple plies of recycled paper is a lower cost alternative to traditional corner protection, helps unitize and reinforce your pallet load.

Flat Edge Protector

Shipped flat, laminated paper Edge Protectors form a 90 degree angle.  Used to  improve tension transmission of strapping and afford product edge protection from strapping damage.

Flat Pads

Flat Pads can be used for an assortment of applications when blocking, bracing, void filling or spacing is required 

Formaboard™

Super strong Formaboard™  pallet corner guards are lightweight, and water/moisture resistant. Ideal for transporting refrigerated/frozen foods.

Handle-U-Board

Handle U-Board provides superior 3-sided edge protection to prevent damage to edges.  Built-in handles create an effective way to move products from one location to another.

Honeycomb

Honeycomb offers a variety of packaging solutions including; transportation dunnage, inner product protection during shipments, packaging fillers and pallets.

Mitered Angleboard

Mitered Angleboard® is made of multiple plies of recycled paper, laminated together then formed into a rigid right angle. Notches allow the board to be easily folded in a 90 degree angle to protect the perimeter of a load.

Pallet Frame

Pallet Frame is a preformed, one-piece, laminated paperboard frame used for edge protection and utitization. Pallet Frame remains in place making it easy to apply stretch wrap or strapping.

Paper Pallets

Paper Pallets are 100% recyclable, lightweight, durable and made from honeycomb and corrugated material to handle heavy load volume. 

Protective Masking

This specialty film is used to protect surfaces of metals and other finished products in order to reduce scratches to the surface and sometimes to reuce rusting and staining caused by the outside environment.

Qwik-Crate

Qwik-Crate laminated paperboard shipping container provides superior beam strentgh and crush resisitance for maximum product protection.

Reddi-Crate

Reddi-Crate laminated paperboard shipping container helps prevent damage that can occur during shipping and handling.

SB Series

SB Series laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle, with an innovative double-wrap that optimizes performance at a lower cost than traditional laminated products.

Sus-Pak®

Sus-Pak® combines Sus-Rap and a specialty designed corrugated box for a unique packaging system.

Sus-Rap®

Sus-Rap® suspends in place cushions and blocks and protects from abrasion

Die Cut Corrugated

Can be used to create specialty products in many industries and applications

Flat Pads

Flat Pads can be used for an assortment of applications when blocking, bracing, void filling or spacing is required 

GatorSTRAP® and GatorLASH® woven cord strap

GatorSTRAP® and GatorLASH® heavy-duty polyester woven cord strap for load securement in rail, truck and intermodal shipping. Buckles and Tensioning Tools.

GATORSTRAP® and GATORLASH® are trademarks of Carolina Strapping and Buckles Company.

G-Force™ Dunnage Products

G-Force™ Dunnage Products – G-Force dunnage products are designed to protect products during shipment via truck and rail.

Honeycomb Panels

G-Force corrugated honeycomb panel for filling lengthwise or lateral voids and pallet under-hang during transit. Often used in conjunction with airbags.

M Frame and Bulkhead Space Fillers

G-Force lightweight corrugated space fillers to fill large voids and improve weight distribution in trucks and trailers.

Super Flow Inflator

Shippers Products SuperFlow inflator offers unparalleled dunnage airbag inflation speed reducing inflation time, labor cost while improving safety. 

TransMat Rubber Friction Mat

TransMat® Rubber Friction mat for load securement in rail, truck and intermodal. Prevents product movement and load-shift during transit.

Void Fillers

G-Force single-drop and dual-drop lateral void fillers for center or sidewall voids to prevent product movement during transit.

Wood-Kor™ Bulkhead Panels

Wood-Kor Bulkhead Panels reinforced with lumber to be lightweight yet very strong. Available in multiple sizes.

Angle Pads

Angle Pads are pre-formed build up pads that provide edge protection and crush resistence.

APX Board

APXboard™ laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle. Ideal for unitization and edge protection.

Edge Guard

EdgeGuard is the prefect solution for products requiring light edge protection.

EdgeMaster™

Edgemaster™, made of multiple plies of recycled paper is a lower cost alternative to traditional corner protection, helps unitize and reinforce your pallet load.

Flat Edge Protector

Shipped flat, laminated paper Edge Protectors form a 90 degree angle.  Used to  improve tension transmission of strapping and afford product edge protection from strapping damage.

Flat Pads

Flat Pads can be used for an assortment of applications when blocking, bracing, void filling or spacing is required 

Honeycomb

Honeycomb offers a variety of packaging solutions including; transportation dunnage, inner product protection during shipments, packaging fillers and pallets.

Honeycomb Panels

G-Force corrugated honeycomb panel for filling lengthwise or lateral voids and pallet under-hang during transit. Often used in conjunction with airbags.

M Frame and Bulkhead Space Fillers

G-Force lightweight corrugated space fillers to fill large voids and improve weight distribution in trucks and trailers.

Pallet Frame

Pallet Frame is a preformed, one-piece, laminated paperboard frame used for edge protection and utitization. Pallet Frame remains in place making it easy to apply stretch wrap or strapping.

Qwik-Crate

Qwik-Crate laminated paperboard shipping container provides superior beam strentgh and crush resisitance for maximum product protection.

Sus-Pak®

Sus-Pak® combines Sus-Rap and a specialty designed corrugated box for a unique packaging system.

Sus-Rap®

Sus-Rap® suspends in place cushions and blocks and protects from abrasion

Angle Pads

Angle Pads are pre-formed build up pads that provide edge protection and crush resistence.

APX Board

APXboard™ laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle. Ideal for unitization and edge protection.

Corrupad®

Corrupad uses a patented manufacturing process that gives angles, channels stacking strength, and shock absorbency for maximum product protection.

Die Cut Chip

In the metals industry it can be used to make specialty packaging products

Edge Guard

EdgeGuard is the prefect solution for products requiring light edge protection.

Flat Edge Protector

Shipped flat, laminated paper Edge Protectors form a 90 degree angle.  Used to  improve tension transmission of strapping and afford product edge protection from strapping damage.

Formaboard™

Super strong Formaboard™  pallet corner guards are lightweight, and water/moisture resistant. Ideal for transporting refrigerated/frozen foods.

Handle-U-Board

Handle U-Board provides superior 3-sided edge protection to prevent damage to edges.  Built-in handles create an effective way to move products from one location to another.

Honeycomb

Honeycomb offers a variety of packaging solutions including; transportation dunnage, inner product protection during shipments, packaging fillers and pallets.

Mitered Angleboard

Mitered Angleboard® is made of multiple plies of recycled paper, laminated together then formed into a rigid right angle. Notches allow the board to be easily folded in a 90 degree angle to protect the perimeter of a load.

Pallet Frame

Pallet Frame is a preformed, one-piece, laminated paperboard frame used for edge protection and utitization. Pallet Frame remains in place making it easy to apply stretch wrap or strapping.

Paper Pallets

Paper Pallets are 100% recyclable, lightweight, durable and made from honeycomb and corrugated material to handle heavy load volume. 

SB Series

SB Series laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle, with an innovative double-wrap that optimizes performance at a lower cost than traditional laminated products.

Slip Sheets

Reusable and recyclable, plastic slip sheets offer a durable, space saving, transport packaging solution. An excellent alternative to wood pallets.

Tier Sheets / Plastic Separator Sheets / Layer Sheets

Tier Sheets are clean, washable, and 100% solid polypropylene. They offer maximum load stability, reduced contamination, and greater product protection between layers of a variety of products.

Angle Pads

Angle Pads are pre-formed build up pads that provide edge protection and crush resistence.

APX Board

APXboard™ laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle. Ideal for unitization and edge protection.

Bulk Bags for Cut Parts

Used as an alternative to wooden crates, metal bins, etc. They hold smaller pieces of scrap parts.

Corrupad®

Corrupad uses a patented manufacturing process that gives angles, channels stacking strength, and shock absorbency for maximum product protection.

Die Cut Chip

In the metals industry it can be used to make specialty packaging products

Die Cut Corrugated

Can be used to create specialty products in many industries and applications

Edge Guard

EdgeGuard is the prefect solution for products requiring light edge protection.

EdgeMaster™

Edgemaster™, made of multiple plies of recycled paper is a lower cost alternative to traditional corner protection, helps unitize and reinforce your pallet load.

Flat Edge Protector

Shipped flat, laminated paper Edge Protectors form a 90 degree angle.  Used to  improve tension transmission of strapping and afford product edge protection from strapping damage.

Flat Pads

Flat Pads can be used for an assortment of applications when blocking, bracing, void filling or spacing is required 

Formaboard™

Super strong Formaboard™  pallet corner guards are lightweight, and water/moisture resistant. Ideal for transporting refrigerated/frozen foods.

Handle-U-Board

Handle U-Board provides superior 3-sided edge protection to prevent damage to edges.  Built-in handles create an effective way to move products from one location to another.

Honeycomb

Honeycomb offers a variety of packaging solutions including; transportation dunnage, inner product protection during shipments, packaging fillers and pallets.

Mitered Angleboard

Mitered Angleboard® is made of multiple plies of recycled paper, laminated together then formed into a rigid right angle. Notches allow the board to be easily folded in a 90 degree angle to protect the perimeter of a load.

Pallet Frame

Pallet Frame is a preformed, one-piece, laminated paperboard frame used for edge protection and utitization. Pallet Frame remains in place making it easy to apply stretch wrap or strapping.

Paper Pallets

Paper Pallets are 100% recyclable, lightweight, durable and made from honeycomb and corrugated material to handle heavy load volume. 

Protective Masking

This specialty film is used to protect surfaces of metals and other finished products in order to reduce scratches to the surface and sometimes to reuce rusting and staining caused by the outside environment.

Qwik-Crate

Qwik-Crate laminated paperboard shipping container provides superior beam strentgh and crush resisitance for maximum product protection.

Reddi-Crate

Reddi-Crate laminated paperboard shipping container helps prevent damage that can occur during shipping and handling.

SB Series

SB Series laminated paperboard is made of multiple plies of recycled paper formed into a rigid right angle, with an innovative double-wrap that optimizes performance at a lower cost than traditional laminated products.

Sus-Pak®

Sus-Pak® combines Sus-Rap and a specialty designed corrugated box for a unique packaging system.

Sus-Rap®

Sus-Rap® suspends in place cushions and blocks and protects from abrasion

Die Cut Corrugated

Can be used to create specialty products in many industries and applications

Flat Pads

Flat Pads can be used for an assortment of applications when blocking, bracing, void filling or spacing is required 

GatorSTRAP® and GatorLASH® woven cord strap

GatorSTRAP® and GatorLASH® heavy-duty polyester woven cord strap for load securement in rail, truck and intermodal shipping. Buckles and Tensioning Tools.

GATORSTRAP® and GATORLASH® are trademarks of Carolina Strapping and Buckles Company.

G-Force™ Dunnage Products

G-Force™ Dunnage Products – G-Force dunnage products are designed to protect products during shipment via truck and rail.

Honeycomb Panels

G-Force corrugated honeycomb panel for filling lengthwise or lateral voids and pallet under-hang during transit. Often used in conjunction with airbags.

M Frame and Bulkhead Space Fillers

G-Force lightweight corrugated space fillers to fill large voids and improve weight distribution in trucks and trailers.

Super Flow Inflator

Shippers Products SuperFlow inflator offers unparalleled dunnage airbag inflation speed reducing inflation time, labor cost while improving safety. 

TransMat Rubber Friction Mat

TransMat® Rubber Friction mat for load securement in rail, truck and intermodal. Prevents product movement and load-shift during transit.

Void Fillers

G-Force single-drop and dual-drop lateral void fillers for center or sidewall voids to prevent product movement during transit.

Wood-Kor™ Bulkhead Panels

Wood-Kor Bulkhead Panels reinforced with lumber to be lightweight yet very strong. Available in multiple sizes.

PET

Signode polyester strapping (PET-Strap) secures transport of palletised goods of all kinds, available in a big variety of dimensions

PP

Signode polypropylene strapping (PP-Strap), designed for light packaged goods, available in multiple widths, thicknesses and strengths

Hand Wrap

Used to contain and protect loads in a wide range of segments and applications.